The drone and counter-drone arms race is accelerating.
The BBC asks: can Ukraine survive another year of war in 2025? The answer is linked to another important question: whether the parties can agree to end the conflict. As the conflict continues, Ukraine and Russia appear to be copying combat drone strategies.
“Vaccinated” buggies. First Ukraine, then Russia, developed improvised buggies with drone-fighting weapons. These units, based on the 4×4 Lada Niva, have a turret with 24 buckshot-like cannons and a rear manual mount with six AK-12 rifles.
These vehicles also have thermal countermeasure launchers like flares to blind enemy drone optics, especially infrared and night vision cameras. As mentioned, the development is part of a tactical strategy to combat both sides’ massive drone use, an adaptive solution in a complex technological warfare environment.
Design and 24-gun system. The remotely operated turret and 24-gun system are the vehicles’ main components. Pellets from these weapons create a wide impact area that can intercept low-altitude drones. AK-12s backup ground and air defences at the rear.
The 24-barrel design fires a burst to hit hard targets to maximise damage and hit probability. In any case, both approaches seem rudimentary, but they reflect the urgency of both sides to adapt cheap and fast solutions in a drone-driven combat environment.
Limitations. Analysts say these shotguns and similar weapons are widely used but may not be effective against drones. Ukrainian forces found that conventional shotgun ammunition cannot neutralise modern drones, which can continue to operate after minor damage. These weapons are also limited in dynamic and high-risk situations due to their lack of penetration at longer distances.
Another issue is that reloading the 24-barrel system after firing could slow responsiveness in multiple attack situations, highlighting the need for specialised munitions that improve range and terminal effects.
The need for combat innovation. A technological arms race in countermeasures has resulted from both sides’ massive use of drones. Defences that can be quickly deployed locally are needed due to modern combat symbols like kamikaze FPV drones and those that drop small munitions.
Kinetic weapons, like those used in these buggies, are the last line of defence, but experts disagree and recommend more integrated and multifaceted approaches to these threats. Electronic warfare tools are being used alongside them to disrupt drone communications and navigation, creating a multi-layered defence.
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